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In the Islamic calendar, there are certain days that are not just historical commemorations, but milestones of faith, belief, and divine guidance. Among these sacred days, Eid al-Ghadeer stands out as one of the greatest and most significant. It is known as “Eidullah al-Akbar” – the Greatest Eid of Allah by the believers.
This is the day when the Prophet of Mercy, Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (PBUH), by the command of Allah, declared the Wilayah (guardianship and leadership) of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (A.S), thus completing the religion of Islam.
The event of Ghadeer is not merely a historical sermon but a divine proclamation that established the criterion of truth and leadership for the Muslim Ummah. It was on this day that the boundary between truth and falsehood was clearly defined, and the eternal message was delivered: leadership belongs to the one chosen by Allah and His Messenger.
The message of Eid al-Ghadeer goes beyond just love for Ali (A.S); it is about accepting his divine authority, following in his footsteps, and embracing the true spirit of Islam. That is why every year on the 18th of Dhul Hijjah, believers around the world not only celebrate this occasion but also renew their understanding of its deep spiritual and ideological significance—so they may remain steadfast on the path of truth.
As narrated in authentic traditions, the caravan of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) reached Juhfa, a place approximately 13 miles from the sacred city of Makkah. This strategic location is where the paths of pilgrims heading to Medina, Egypt, Syria, and Iraq diverge.
Just a short distance (about 1.5 to 2 miles) from this point lies a water reservoir. In Arabic, such a reservoir is known as a “Ghadir”. This particular site is historically and spiritually referred to as Ghadir Khumm, and in the language of Islamic tradition and history, it is known as “khum”.
Ghadir Khumm, where every wave carries the fame, greatness, and everlasting significance of the event. A sacred location where Divine Revelation brought forth a vital message for the protection and future of Islam.
In the spiritually rich atmosphere of Ghadir, Islamic civilization and the divine justice system received their eternal seal of continuity. The peaceful and radiant surroundings of Ghadir witnessed the reward of the Prophet’s tireless efforts for the sake of Allah. It was at Ghadir Khumm that the final wish of the Prophet (PBUH) was fulfilled, where Allah perfected His religion and granted Islam the certificate of divine approval.
As soon as the caravan reached the banks of Ghadir, on the 18th of Zul Hijjah, 10 Hijri, the Prophet (PBUH) halted the journey. Why? Because Angel Jibreel (A.S) had descended with a crucial message from Allah.
The Messenger of Allah listened intently to the divine command:
“O Messenger! Convey what has been revealed to you from your Lord. If you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people.” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, verse 67)
Upon receiving this command, the Prophet (PBUH) immediately dedicated all his efforts to fulfill and proclaim this heavenly directive.
The scorching heat burned the desert ground like fire. Some members of the caravan had moved ahead while others lagged behind. The Prophet (PBUH) sent instructions:
As night fell, people began to assemble. The Prophet (PBUH) gave directions:
Once all arrangements were made, and the noon prayer (Zuhr) time arrived, Bilal (R.A) called out the Adhan with his melodious voice. The Prophet (PBUH) led the prayer and, after its completion, turned to address the sea of people from the elevated pulpit.
The Prophet (PBUH) ascended the pulpit and began his sermon, shaped by divine revelation:
“All praise is for Allah. We seek His help and put our trust in Him. We seek refuge in Him from the evil of our souls and our bad deeds. Whomsoever Allah guides, no one can misguide, and whomsoever He lets go astray, no one can guide. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His servant and Messenger…”
He continued:
“O people! Allah, the Most Kind and the All-Knowing, has informed me that no Prophet lives longer than half the age of his predecessor. Soon, I will answer the call of my Lord. I will be questioned, and you too will be questioned. Tell me, have I fulfilled my mission?”
The crowd of over 120,000 companions responded in unison:
“Yes, O Prophet! You conveyed the message, guided us, and sincerely fulfilled your duty. May Allah reward you abundantly.”
The Prophet (PBUH) continued:
“Do you all bear witness to the Oneness of Allah? Do you affirm my Prophethood? Do you accept the reality of Paradise and Hell, the Day of Judgement, death, and resurrection?”
The companions again responded in unison:
“Yes, we affirm all of this!”
The Prophet (PBUH) then said:
“O Allah, be a witness to their testimony.”
“I am going ahead of you and will wait for you at the Pond of Kawthar. Its width spans the distance from Yemen to Syria. The cups and goblets surrounding it are as numerous as the stars in the sky.”
Then he drew everyone’s attention to a critical concern:
“Now, it is up to you how you behave with the two weighty things (Al-Thaqalayn) that I am leaving among you after me.”
At this moment, a voice rose from the gathering:
“O Messenger of Allah, what are these two precious things — the Thaqalayn — that you are referring to?”
The Holy Prophet (PBUH) replied:
“One of them is the Book of Allah — the Qur’an — whose one end is in the Hand of Allah, the Almighty, and the other end is in your hands. Hold firmly to it, so that you do not go astray.”
“The second is my Progeny — my Ahlul Bayt (A.S). The All-Knowing and Kind Lord has informed me that these two shall never separate from each other until they meet me at the Pond of Kawthar.”
Then he gave a vital command:
“Do not go ahead of them, or you will perish. And do not fall behind them, or you will be ruined.”
After delivering this profound message, the Prophet (PBUH) performed an act that echoed through Islamic history:
He took the hand of Imam Ali (A.S) and raised it as high as he could, so that everyone could see. Then the Prophet addressed them:
“Whomsoever I Am Master, Ali Is His Master”
The Prophet asked:
“O people, tell me—who has more authority over the believers than their own selves?”
The crowd respectfully responded:
“Allah and His Messenger know best.”
“Allah is my Master, and I am the master of the believers. I have more authority over them than they have over themselves. So, whomever I am master (Mawla), Ali is his master (Mawla).”
Historical narrators report that the Prophet (PBUH) repeated this statement three times for emphasis.
“O Allah! Love those who love Ali, and be the enemy of those who oppose him. Help those who support him, and abandon those who abandon him. Turn the truth in the direction Ali turns.”
Then he commanded:
“Let those who are present today convey this message to those who are not present.”
Towards the end of the sermon, the Prophet (PBUH) addressed the Muslims again:
“Say now: We pledge allegiance to you on this matter. We give you our word, extend our hands, and vow to pass this trust to our children and families. We will not alter or change anything in this covenant. You are a witness over us, and Allah is the greatest witness.”
He then instructed:
“Now repeat after me and greet Ali with the title of Amir al-Mu’mineen (Commander of the Faithful).”
Immediately after the Prophet’s command, the gathering surged forward toward the pulpit. One by one, the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) began congratulating and pledging allegiance to Imam Ali (A.S).
The first to offer allegiance were: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Talha, and Zubair. They placed their hands in the hand of Imam Ali (A.S) and confirmed their allegiance verbally.
At this moment, Umar ibn Khattab made his famous remark:
“Congratulations, O Ali! Today you have become the Mawla (Master) of every believing man and woman.”
On this blessed day, two believing individuals (Mu’mineen) clasp each other’s hands and exchange a sacred pledge. The words of this oath are powerful and profound:
“If I am granted intercession (Shafa’ah) and permitted to enter Paradise, I will not enter until you are with me.”
To this, the second person replies:
“I accept this bond, and I waive all other rights of brotherhood except intercession, prayer, and meeting in the Hereafter.”
This oath represents the essence of Islamic brotherhood – where one believer promises to not rejoice in salvation alone, but to take their brother or sister along toward eternal bliss. It reflects the true spirit of unity that Ghadir calls for – a commitment beyond this world.
This sacred ritual is a sunnah of the lovers of Ahlul Bayt (AS) and has been practiced for generations by those who understand the deep meaning of Wilayah (Divine Guardianship).
Following the declaration, the companions continued to approach Imam Ali (A.S) in groups — the Muhajirun and the Ansar, men and women alike, all offered their heartfelt congratulations and bay’ah (oath of allegiance). The atmosphere of faith, loyalty, and spiritual joy turned this declaration into a three-day celebration, filled with love and unity.
At the peak of this historic event, Angel Jibreel (A.S) once again descended with a final verse from the Holy Qur’an, revealing the divine approval of this declaration:
“This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen Islam as your religion.” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, verse 3)
The Day of Ghadir is not just a celebration — it’s a day of spiritual renewal, divine rewards, and reaffirmation of loyalty to the divine leadership of Imam Ali (A.S). The traditions and recommended acts linked to this day hold immense value in Shi’a teachings and reflect deep-rooted Islamic values of unity, gratitude, and generosity.
“The Day of Ghadir is the greatest of all Eids.”
It is the day when Allah completed the religion and declared the Wilayah (Guardianship) of Imam Ali (A.S) — a pillar of true Islamic leadership.
“Whoever fasts on Ghadir will receive the reward of fasting for the entire lifespan of the world.”
“The one who provides Iftar on Ghadir is like the one who has fed one million Prophets, Truthful Ones, and Martyrs.”
“Those who smile at believers on Ghadir receive divine mercy, their prayers are answered, and palaces are built for them in Paradise.”
“Whoever gives even one dirham in charity on Ghadir will be rewarded as though they gave 200,000 dirhams.”
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