Historical Aspects

These are two very sad events in Islamic History. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had a very difficult time during his last days when he was constantly disturbed by the shouting and quarrelling people around him, which caused great suffering and discomfort. He had to ask them to leave him alone and go away. He asked the sahabas present there to bring him paper and pen so he could write instructions for them so they would not go astray after him. A group of Sahabas led by the second caliph said that the Prophet (PBUH) has lost his sanity and was overtaken with severe pain due to his illness. They quarrelled with the others and did not bring anything to the Prophet (PBUH) to write despite his instructions. The Prophet (PBUH) got so frustrated with them that he ordered them to leave him alone.

Probably the most troublesome aspect of the wisal of the Prophet (PBUH) was the event of his namaz-e-janaza. Imam Ali (AS) led the prayers and only a handful of true followers of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) were present while the rest of the prominent Sahabas were absent. They preferred to leave the dead body of the Prophet (PBUH) without the Namaaz e Janaza and burial to enable them to go to Saqifa bani Saeda to distribute the Khilafat.

Shahadat of Imam Hassan (AS)

The history of the shahadat of Imam Hasan (AS) is no less treacherous. Imam Hasan (AS) had a wife named Jada binte Ashas bin Qais. She was bribed to poison the Imam (AS) by Moawiya on promise of a handsome amount of cash and marriage with his son Yazeed (laeen). She poisoned Imam Hasan (AS) in milk with a poison called “Hilahil.” While Imam Hasan (AS) drank it, his liver was torn apart and its pieces fell into the milk pot. Jada was ditched by Moawiya saying that when she could conspire against a person such as Imam Hasan (AS), she could do that with anyone so he would not marry his son to her. She was eventually thrown into a river on Moawiya’s orders.

After his martyrdom, despite his will, he was not allowed to be buried close to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by a group of Sahabas of Bani-Ummaya tribe led by a wife of the Prophet (PBUH). Imam Ali (AS) tried to take his janaza several times to the Hujra of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) for burial but were unsuccessful. In the final effort, the janaza was attacked by arrows and according to a tradition, 70 arrows pierced the dead body of Imam Hasan (AS). Finally he had to be buried in the darkness of the night in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

Night of 28th Safar (Shab)

Salat (Prayer)

Pray 2 rak’at (or more nawafil) with the intention of qurbat ilallah.

After Salat, recite:

• Salawat on Muhammad (PBUH) and Al-e-Muhammad
• Seek forgiveness (istighfar)

Du’a & Zikr

Recite:

• Du’a al-Faraj
• Du’a Kumayl (recommended any night for repentance)
• Abundant Salawat, especially remembering the Prophet (PBUH)

Majlis & Reflection

Attend or listen to majlis of wafat al-Rasul and Imam Hasan (AS). Reflect on:

• The Sunnah of the Prophet
• The patience, peace, and sacrifice of Imam Hasan (AS)

Day of 28th Safar

Fasting (Recommended)

Mustahabb fast if health allows. Reward is mentioned for honoring this day with worship and patience.

Ghusl

Perform ghusl with intention of devotion and respect for the day.

Ziyarat

Ziyarat of the Holy Prophet (from Mafatih al-Jinan, Ziyarat section)
Ziyarat of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (AS)

If not physically present:

• Recite Ziyarat from afar (ziyarat ba’idah) facing Madinah

Qur’an Recitation

Recite Surah Yaseen

Recite Surah Ahzab (connected to the Ahl al-Bayt)

Gift the reward (isal-e-thawab) to:

• The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
• Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (AS)

Charity & Good Deeds

Give sadaqah, even small

Help the needy in the name of:

• Rasulullah
• Imam Hasan (AS), known for generosity

Recommended Conduct for the Day

• Wear simple clothing
• Avoid celebrations or entertainment
• Increase silence, reflection, and remembrance
• Send Salawat frequently throughout the day

Conclusion

The 28th of Safar reminds us of a profound loss for the Ummah: the departure of Rasulullah Muhammad (PBUH), the mercy for all creation, and the martyrdom of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (AS), the Imam of patience and peace. This day calls us to renew our connection with the Qur’an, to revive the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH), and to adopt the forbearance, generosity, and wisdom shown by Imam Hasan (AS). May Allah grant us the ability to live by their teachings and to remain steadfast on the path of truth and Wilayah.

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